Short effect, long effect
For the IPA, Les Binet and Peter Field analysed 996 campaigns from 700 brands in 83 categories. Activation, such as offers and direct calls to action, drives sales quickly, but the effect also fades quickly. Brand building works more slowly, but it accumulates: the brand gets stronger and customers become less price sensitive.
The difference only shows after years. After one year, 13% of emotional brand campaigns showed very large profit effects; after three years or more, 43%. Rational campaigns stalled at 23%. The best results came from roughly 60% of budget for brand and 40% for activation.